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OpenCL
Open Computing Language (OpenCL) is a framework for writing programs that execute across heterogeneous platforms consisting of central processing units (CPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs), digital signal processors (DSPs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and other processors or hardware accelerators. OpenCL specifies a language (based on C99) for programming these devices and application programming interfaces (APIs) to control the platform and execute programs on the compute devices. OpenCL provides a standard interface for parallel computing using task-based and data-based parallelism. OpenCL is an open standard maintained by the non-profit technology consortium Khronos Group. Conformant implementations are available from Altera, AMD, Apple, ARM Holdings, Creative Technology, IBM, Imagination Technologies, Intel, Nvidia, Qualcomm, Samsung, Vivante, Xilinx, and ZiiLABS.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.khronos.org/conformance/adopters/conformant-companies#opencl )〕
==Overview==
OpenCL views a computing system as consisting of a number of ''compute devices'', which might be central processing units (CPUs) or "accelerators" such as graphics processing units (GPUs), attached to a ''host'' processor (a CPU). It defines a C-like language for writing programs. Functions executed on an OpenCL device are called ''kernels''.〔 A single compute device typically consists of several ''compute units'', which in turn comprise multiple ''processing elements'' (PEs). A single kernel execution can run on all or many of the PEs in parallel. How a compute device is subdivided into compute units and PEs is up to the vendor; a compute unit can be thought of as a "core", but the notion of core is hard to define across all the types of devices supported by OpenCL (or even within the category of "CPUs"), and the number of compute units may not correspond to the number of cores claimed in vendors' marketing literature (which may actually be counting SIMD lanes).
In addition to its C-like programming language, OpenCL defines an application programming interface (API) that allows programs running on the host to launch kernels on the compute devices and manage device memory, which is (at least conceptually) separate from host memory. Programs in the OpenCL language are intended to be compiled at run-time, so that OpenCL-using applications are portable between implementations for various host devices. The OpenCL standard defines host APIs for C and C++; third-party APIs exist for other programming languages and platforms such as Python, Java and .NET. An implementation of the OpenCL standard consists of a library that implements the API for C and C++, and an OpenCL C compiler for the compute device(s) targeted.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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